"The combination of RF-EMF and infectious agents reprogrammed the interaction between mitochondria/lysosomes/nitric oxide (NO)/cell death in macrophages in a time- and stimulus-dependent manner."
"Selective loss of viability in cells exposed to RF and LPS [lipopolysaccharide] was observed at 6 h, consistent with early defects in membrane permeability."
Exposure
"The cells were then irradiated for 6, 24 or 48 h in a GTEM chamber [...] at the point of maximum field uniformity."
Exposure parameters: 2450 MHz, 12 W transmitted power, 102.8 V/m measured field, 28 W/m² incident power density, and mean SAR 0.1740 W/kg for the 24-well plate (Table 3).
Glossary
RAW 264.7: A standard mouse macrophage-like cell line used in laboratory immune and inflammation studies.
24-well plate: A plastic cell-culture plate with 24 separate wells for growing cells under different experimental conditions.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): A bacterial cell-wall component commonly used in lab studies to trigger inflammatory immune responses.
Radiofrequency Fields at 2.45 GHz Reprogram Mitochondria-Lysosome Crosstalk and Modulate the Survival/Death of Macrophages Exposed to LPS and/or the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
Sueiro-Benavides RA et al. (2026) International Journal of Molecular Sciences Journal Level 0ⓘ
