"Findings remain mixed: seventeen studies reported increased BBB permeability or molecular alterations, while eighteen observed no effects."
"Null-result studies generally applied stricter dosimetry and thermal safeguards, though incomplete temperature documentation was common."
"Human data are sparse and do not clearly differentiate thermal from non-thermal influences."
"Current evidence does still not establish a causal link between RF-EMF exposure and BBB disruption."
Experimental and clinical evidence on radiofrequency electromagnetic field effects on the blood-brain barrier: a scoping review
Taspinar Simsek et al. (2026) Physics in Medicine and Biology Journal Level 1ⓘ