A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis has been formally registered (PROSPERO CRD42023475665) to evaluate whether nonionizing electromagnetic field exposure from mobile phones and wireless devices causes pregnancy complications or fetal abnormalities. Literature search is planned April–July 2026, with results expected by late 2026.
"Emerging evidence indicates potential biological effects of EMW exposure in susceptible populations, particularly pregnant women; however, findings remain inconsistent."
"This systematic review is expected to provide consolidated evidence on the potential teratogenic and pregnancy-related effects of nonionizing EMW exposure, thereby supporting future research and evidence-based recommendations for public health."
JMIR Research Protocols Journal Level 1ⓘ
